Download or read book Exploring Reproduction in Wild Blue Lupine (Lupinus Perennis) in Comparison to L. Polyphyllus and L. Albus written by Heathyr E. Francis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild lupine (Lupinus perennis) restoration efforts seek to increase and connect populations, using seeds, to facilitate the recovery of endangered butterflys in Ontario. This study observed plant growth and phytohormone levels of L. albus, L. polyphyllus,and L. perennis through stages of seed development, each with varying strategies in growth and reproductive investment.L. polyphyllus is similar to L. perennis in morphology, acting as similar comparable withL. albus, a well-studied annual, as an outgroup comparator. Wild lupines showed a lack of sexual reproductive effort as they did not put as much effort into above ground growth, and few in the population reproduces. They also showed cis-zeatin, a weaker cytokinin, throughout development and had higher amounts of abscisic acid at the end of seed maturity, impacting their ability to develop and germinate. These factors contribute to why wild lupines are difficult to restore using seeds, limiting expansion and challenging restoration. Keywords: Wild blue lupine, L. perennis,L. albus, L. polyphyllus, physiology, cytokinins, abscisic acid, seed development, sexual reproduction, phenology, restoration, two-eyed seeing.