Download or read book Intelligent Technology for Concrete Pipe in the New Millennium written by JA. Nystrom and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precast concrete pipes were widely used even before the beginning of the twentieth century. By 1930, the currently used design and installation standards for concrete pipes had been empirically developed by Drs. Marston and Spangler. Nearly thirty years ago, the American Concrete Pipe Association began research on a more rational design method that evaluated the contributions of the strength of both the pipe and underlying soil. From that research, the design program Standard Installation Direct Design (SIDD) was developed.