Download or read book Review of USACE-Generated Efficacy and Dissipation Data for the Aquatic Herbicide Formulations Aquathol(R) and Hydrothol(R). Aquatic Plant Control Research Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The herbicidal properties of endothall (7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; C8H10O5; and its action as a defoliant and desiccant on terrestrial plants were first described in 1950 (Keckemet 1969). Endothall is a contact-type membrane-active herbicide that rapidly produces symptoms of defoliation and desiccation in terrestrial plant parts with which it comes in contact by disrupting solute transport processes in plant cells (Maestri 1967; Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) 1994). Endothall penetrates plant cuticles rapidly and is absorbed by roots; however, translocation is limited to the symplast (intra-cellular) and the compound is not phloem-mobile (MacDonald, Shilling, and Bewick 1993; WSSA 1994). Aquatic plants have similar symptoms to terrestrial plants, of defoliation and necrotic tissue, with death or peak injury usually occurring within 4 to 6 weeks of initial treatment. MacDonald, Shilling, and Bewick (1993) showed that endothall primarily acts to inhibit respiration, but the compound also has various physiological effects on different plant species, inhibiting lipid and protein synthesis, or causing increased ion leakage symptomatic of membrane disruption. The objective of this report is to provide a review and summary of CE studies on the aquatic uses of endothall over the past three decades. This summary includes a discussion on the efficacy of endothall against invasive weeds, as well as selected nontarget plants, and how efficacy is based upon application rates and techniques, water-exchange characteristics, and herbicide exposure time mechanisms.